Tax policy is the choice by a government as to what taxes to levy, in what amounts, and on whom. It has both microeconomic and macroeconomic aspects. The macroeconomic aspects concern the overall quantity of taxes to collect, which can inversely affect the level of economic activity ; this is one component of fiscal policy.

The microeconomic aspects concern issues of fairness who to tax and allocative efficiency i. Policymakers debate the nature of the tax structure they plan to implement i. The reason for such focus is economic efficiency as advisor to the Stuart King of England Richard Petty had noted that the government does not want to kill the goose that lays the golden egg.

Paradigmatic efficient taxes are those that are either nondistortionary or lump sum. However, economists define distortion only according to the substitution effectbecause anything that does not change relative prices is nondistortionary. One must also consider the income effect, which for tax policy purposes often needs to be assumed to cancel out in the aggregate.

The efficiency loss is depicted on the demand curve and supply curve diagrams as the area inside Harberger's Triangle. National Insurance in the United Kingdom and Social Security in the United States are forms of social welfare funded outside their national income tax systems, paid for through worker contributions, something labeled a stealth tax by critics.

The implementation of tax policy has always been a tricky business.

For example, in pre-revolutionary colonial Americathe argument " No taxation without representation " resulted from the tax policy of the British Crown, which taxed the settlers but offered no say in their government.

A more recent American example is President George H. Bush 's famous tax policy quote, " Read my lips: From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia. Government revenue Tax revenue Non-tax revenue Tax law Tax bracket Tax threshold Exemption Credit Deduction Tax shift Tax cut Tax holiday Tax advantage Tax incentive Tax reform Tax harmonization Tax competition Double taxation Representation Unions Medical savings account Tax, tariff and trade.

Price effect Excess burden Tax incidence Laffer curve Optimal tax Theory Optimal capital income taxation. Revenue service Revenue stamp Tax assessment Taxable income Tax lien Tax refund Tax shield Tax residence Tax preparation Tax investigation Tax shelter Private tax collection Tax farming.

Tax avoidance Tax evasion Tax resistance Tax haven Smuggling Black market Transfer mispricing Unreported employment Tax shelter. Tax rate Progressive Regressive Proportional. Direct Indirect Per unit Ad valorem In rem Capital gains Carbon Consumption Dividend Ecotax Excise Qual melhor corretora forex Georgist Gift Gross receipts Income Inheritance estate Land value Payroll Pigovian Property Sales Sin Single Stamp Steering Turnover Value-added VAT Corporate profit Excess profits Windfall profits Negative income Flat Wealth.

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An aspect of fiscal policy. Policies Government revenue Tax revenue Non-tax revenue Tax law Tax bracket Tax threshold Exemption Credit Deduction Tax shift Tax cut Tax holiday Tax advantage Tax incentive Tax reform Tax harmonization Tax competition Double taxation Representation Unions Medical savings account Tax, tariff and trade.

Economics Price effect Excess burden Tax incidence Laffer curve Optimal tax Theory Optimal capital income taxation. Collection Revenue service Revenue stamp Tax assessment Taxable income Tax lien Tax refund Tax shield Tax residence Tax preparation Tax investigation Tax shelter Private tax collection Tax farming. Noncompliance Tax avoidance Tax evasion Tax resistance Tax haven Smuggling Black market Transfer mispricing Unreported employment Tax shelter.

Distribution Tax rate Progressive Regressive Proportional. Types Direct Indirect Per unit Ad valorem In rem Capital gains Carbon Consumption Dividend Ecotax Excise Fuel Georgist Gift Gross receipts Income Inheritance estate Land value Payroll Pigovian Property Sales Sin Single Stamp Steering Turnover Value-added VAT Corporate profit Excess profits Windfall profits Negative income Flat Wealth.

International Financial transaction tax Currency transaction tax Tobin tax Spahn tax Tax equalization Tax treaty Permanent establishment Transfer pricing European Union FTT. Trade Custom Duty Tariff Import Export Tariff war Free trade Free trade zone Trade agreement. Religious Church tax Eight per thousand Teind Tithe Fiscus Judaicus Leibzoll Temple tax Tolerance tax Jizya Kharaj Khums Nisab Zakat. Terms Credit spread Debit spread Exercise Expiration Moneyness Open interest Pin risk Risk-free interest rate Strike price the Greeks Volatility.

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